American Water Spaniel

State Dog of Wisconsin

The American Water Spaniel was developed in the United States; it is believed they originated in the Fox River and Wolf River valleys of Wisconsin. Even today the American Water Spaniel is a little known breed outside of North America.

American Water Spaniels have a curly or marcel coat that is dense and resistant to cold waters. Colors range from liver, brown, and chocolate. They normally weigh between 25 to 45 pounds and stand between 15 to 18 inches. As with all spaniels, American Water Spaniels were originally, and widely still are, bred for hunting.

The origin of the American Water Spaniel can be described as murky at best. There are two theories that are accepted, although which one, if either, is fact is unknown. The first theory comes from Doc Pfeifer, the man credit with the recognition of the breed in the 1920s. He believed the breed was developed by crossing the now extinct English Water Spaniel and the Field Spaniel. Disputers of this idea believe the breed was developed by crossing various breeds including the English Water Spaniel, Field Spaniel, Curly Coated Retriever, Irish Water Spaniel, and possibly even the Chesapeake Bay Retriever. Currently the latter is the more widely accepted theory. Hunters wanted to develop a dog that could function on land as well as in the marsh, yet still small enough to accompany their masters in a canoe or skiff. The American Water Spaniel was widely used in the mid-1800s, and in different times in history has been near extinction, but fanciers of the breed manage to maintain the population.

American Water Spaniels excel at hunting, both as a flushing spaniel and a retriever. They hunt either fur or feather with equal enthusiasm, however they do not have to be hunters to live a happy life. They also make good companion and family dogs. American Water Spaniels should have early socialization with other canines to avoid potential dog aggressiveness.

White Shepherd Dog

Berger Blanc Swiss

White Shepherd Dogs were directly developed from the German Shepherd. Their white coat is considered a disqualifying fault by most major kennel clubs; therefore their fanciers began breeding them independently and strived for them to gain recognition as their own breed. In countries that fall under the Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI) they are known as the Berger Blanc Swiss, in North America they are most commonly known as the White Shepherd Dog.

Appearance

The White Shepherd Dog is almost identical to the German Shepherd Dog, save their coat color. Ideally they should be solid white, however light cream, biscuit, or tan can also occur. The double-length coat of the White Shepherd Dog can be either medium in length or longhaired.

History

Having developed from German Shepherds, the White Shepherd Dogs share their history. Originally white was accepted as a coat color, however, Max von Stephanitz, the creator of the breed was not in favor of white dogs. Still, it was not seen as a disqualifying fault until the German Shepherd Dog Club of America adopted a colored breed standard in 1959. By 1968, white dogs could no longer be shown in the American Kennel Club (AKC) conformation dog ring events. The United Kennel Club (UKC) allows white German Shepherds, but in 1999 also recognized a separate breed, the White Shepherd Dog. In 2002 the FCI recognized the breed as the Berger Blanc Swiss, which states their country of origin as Switzerland as they were the first to recognize White Shepard Dogs as a separate breed.

Toy Fox Terrier

The Toy that is a Terrier

The Toy Fox Terrier was developed in the United States as a desire to create a smaller Smooth Fox Terrier. Both a toy as well as a terrier, the Toy Fox Terrier can be both a companion and a working dog.

Toy Fox Terriers stand at about 10 inches, and weigh between 4-7 pounds. They are a small breed, but yet distinctly terrier in appearance. Their ears are erect and V-shaped, while their tails are customarily docked. The coat is short and thick, it is white with either black and tan, or only tan markings. Rarely other colors will appear on the Toy Fox Terrier.

The Toy Fox Terrier was developed in the 1930s, its primary ancestor the Smooth Fox Terrier. Through careful breeding that included the English Toy Terrier, Chihuahua, and Italian Greyhound the breed was developed at a smaller size, and these other breeds calmed its disposition as well. First used for hunting vermin, this little dog quickly found its way into homes as a companion as well. Toy Fox Terriers were recognized by the United Kennel Club (UKC) in 1936 and the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 2000.

Although the Toy Fox Terrier is small it has not forgot its terrier ancestors or instincts. They are tough, intelligent, and yet love human companionship. They are not recommended for small children because of their size, however they do well with ones that are older. It loves to hunt if it gets the chance, and therefore does not do well in households with small animals. Toy Fox Terriers are easy to train, even if they have a bit of terrier stubbornness.

In general the Toy Fox Terrier is a healthy breed, but they are prone to legg calve perthes and stifle, both common toy problems. Life expectancy of the Toy Fox Terrier is 13-14 years, and known to stay young throughout its life.

American Staffordshire Terrier

AmStaff

The American Staffordshire Terrier, or AmStaff, as it is often known by its fanciers, is a relatively “new” breed of dog. Originally they were intended to be a show strain of the American Pit Bull Terrier when dog fighting became illegal in the United States. Unfortunately, they are commonly identified as a “Pit Bull” and therefore shares many of the myths associated with its cousin the American Pit Bull Terrier. In truth American Staffordshire Terriers can make wonderful pets with the right owners.

In 1936 the Staffordshire Terrier was recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC), the “American” would not be added to their name until 1972. Their early ancestors were shared with the American Pit Bull Terrier and were bull/terrier crosses brought to the United States from England and Ireland in the 1800s for the then popular sport of dog fighting. When dog fighting became illegal, (in many states this was accomplished by the 1860s) this breed suddenly went in two directions. Many owners wanted to see them recognized by the AKC, and therefore adopted the name Staffordshire Terrier in an urge to divert attention from their dog fighting pasts. When the recognition was achieved some breeders did not agree to the standards placed on the breed by the AKC, and those dogs remained the American Pit Bull Terrier. Even today much confusion remains between the American Pit Bull Terrier and the American Staffordshire Terrier, generally the later tends to be larger both in structure and weight.

American Staffordshire Terriers are loving and loyal companions. They get along well with children, and have a strong bond to their family. As with their American Pit Bull Terrier cousins they have a tendency to be aggressive towards other canines and need to be well socialized when they are pups. Obedience training is a must with the American Staffordshire Terrier.

American Pit Bull Terrier

A Breed of Controversy

Simply the name “Pit Bull” causes many to think of a dangerous, uncontrollable dog, however, the American Pit Bull Terrier is only one of many breeds that seem to be identified by the general public as “Pit Bulls”. They are known as a violent breed that attacks people, but this can and is disputed by many American Pit Bull Terrier owners.

it is true that the American Pit Bull Terrier was breed for, and still illegally used for dog fighting. This in part has added to the many “Pit Bull” myths, as well as the fact that whenever a dog attacks a person it is almost always identified as a “Pit Bull”. In many cases it turns out that the attacking dog is not an American Pit Bull Terrier, or any of its close cousins, including the American Staffordshire Terrier and Staffordshire Bull Terrier. Unfortunately the fact remains that this is one of the most commonly used breeds in the United States for illegal fighting and as vicious guard dogs by irresponsible owners. Owners and breeders of the American Pit Bull Terrier insist that they are not human aggressive and make wonderful pets in the right home.

The ancestors of the American Pit Bull Terrier were bull/terrier crosses brought to America from England and Ireland in the 1800s, and were popular for dog fighting. When bred for fighting the breeder wanted strength and canine aggression, however a lack of aggression towards humans was a must. Any dog that showed aggression towards its owner was destroyed. This created the line of dogs we see today, often aggressive towards other dogs, particularly those of the same sex, however lacking aggression towards humans. When dog fighting became illegal many owners wanted to have the breed recognized and distanced from its history for fighting. In 1936 the Staffordshire Terrier was recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC), although at the time they were still one breed. Many breeders disagreed to the name change, or the standards set forth by the AKC, and continued to breed American Pit Bull Terrier, and the confusion towards the breeds still remains.

American Pit Bull Terriers are in truth an affectionate and loyal breed. They are eager to please, and have a great fondness for people and their families. While they are well known for their aggression to other dogs, they get along well with children. American Pit Bull Terriers need a firm hand and obedience training is a must, as they can be a stubborn breed and sometimes difficult for first time owners to handle.

American Hairless Terrier

Hairless Rat Terrier

The American Hairless Terrier was once simply considered a variant to its close cousin, the Rat Terrier. They are direct decedents of these terriers, and only recently the American Hairless Terrier began to gain recognition as its own breed.

Unlike many dog breeds the exact origin of the American Hairless Terrier is no mystery. In 1972 a hairless, female pup was born in a litter of Rat Terriers. These terriers were owned by Willie and Edwin Scott of Louisiana, she was greatly prized by them, and name Josephine. Josephine was bred and she produced only a single hairless terrier in her first litter, and for several years that was the only pup that gained the hairless trait of her mothers. Then, at the age of nine she had another litter with two hairless pups, on male, and another female. These two dogs would become the foundation for the Scotts breeding program. Through careful a careful breeding program, one that they are still continuing, they succeeded in establishing the American Hairless Terrier.

Unlike other hairless dogs, such as the Chinese Crested and the Mexican Hairless, the American Hairless Terrier has no fuzz or hair on its body, making them a good companion to anyone with dander allergies. They are born with a bit of hair on their bodies; however they will shed this hair entirely by the time they reach six weeks. The skin on an American Hairless Terrier is normally pink, with spots that can vary to include gray, black, golden, or red spots.

American Hairless Terriers are intelligent and inquisitive dogs. They are affectionate and make good companions to adults and children alike. Temperament for the breed is that of any terrier, they bark at unknown sounds, while lively and fearless. American Hairless Terriers do not do well in houses with small pets, although they will normally tolerate cats if they have been raised alongside them.

American Foxhound

Virginia’s Dog

The American Foxhound was developed in the United States and is a close relative to the English Foxhound. They are a very popular dog in the southern states, however very few are registered with the American Kennel Club (AKC), simply because they are a working and hunting breed, most are valued for their abilities, rather than their show quality. The American Foxhound is also Virginia's state animal.

The origins of the American Foxhound can be traced back to the arrival of Robert Burke in the American Colonies in 1650. He brought with him a pack of hunting dogs that became the ancestors for many American Hounds. These dogs remained in the Brooke family for almost 300 years, but were not the only source of the blood of the American Foxhound. George Washington received French Foxhounds as a gift, and he had others that had descended from Brooke's, the crossing of the two were the beginnings of the American Foxhound.

American Foxhounds are quite similar to their English cousins, however they have been developed to be lighter and taller. They have a keener sense of smell and tend to be faster in the chase. They have short coats that may be any color, however the most common coat for an American Foxhound is the tricolor, black, brown, and white are the most common.
The American Foxhound is an affectionate breed, and lovable at home, but they are brave and fearless while on the hunt. They get along well with children, and because of their pack mentality do very good with other dogs, but tend to want to chase any other pets.
American Foxhounds need to have room to run and do not always do well as purely house pets.
Generally the American Foxhound is a healthy breed, as they are not prone to any genetic diseases. Care must be given not to overfeed them, as they do have a tendency to put on weight, especially if they are not properly exercise. The life span of the American Foxhound is normally 10-12 years.

American Eskimo Dog

The Circus Dog

The American Eskimo Dog is a companion dog that was originally bred and developed in the United States. Their ancestors were brought to the United States by German immigrants in the 19th century. A fairly “recent” breed, the American Eskimo Dog was recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1994.

American Eskimos come in three sizes, toy (9-12 inches), miniature (12-15 inches) and standard (15-19 inches). They are a Spitz type of dog, which is an ancient dog type, recognized by their erect pricked ears and feathered tails that curl onto their backs. American Eskimo Dogs are always white or white with biscuit cream and have brown eyes, while blue eyes are a sign of poor health or breeding.

No one knows exactly the time and place of when or where the American Eskimo Dog originated, but it believed its ancestor is most likely the German Spitz. The Finnish Spitz, Pomeranian, and Keeshond may have also contributed to its development. Because of its appearance it has been suggested that the Samoyed was also included in the bloodline, but this is not widely accepted. In the early 19th century these white dogs began appearing in the communities of German immigrants. Originally they were known as the American or sometimes German Spitz, but when through the name change sometime around WWI. The bred gained popularity as a circus dog before it became a beloved house pet. American Eskimo Dogs were excellent performers, and the first dog breed to walk the tight rope.

In most cases the American Eskimo Dog is a healthy breed, on average they live between 12 to 14 years, but some have been known to live longer. As with most dogs smaller breeds seem to have a longer life span, so take this into consideration when looking into the sizes of the dog. This bred does, however are often severely allergic to fleas, a single flea can cause frantic scratching and gnawing to their skin. Care must be taken with their coats; an American Eskimo Dog should be brushed with an undercoat rake at least once a week.

English Coonhound

It has been said that the history of the English Coonhound is the history of all coonhounds, which is true, save that of the Plott Hound, all coonhounds have a common ancestry. The English Coonhound originated in the United States, its closest ancestor being the English Foxhound.

Three groups of foxhounds were imported from Europe which were the foundation for the first coonhounds, in 1650 by Robert Brooke, 1742 by Thomas Walker, and in 1770 by George Washington. While it is true that these were European dogs it was the Americans and the land that created the hounds we see today. The dogs had to adapt to the rougher terrain and to the game of the colonies, including raccoon, opossum, cougar, and bear.

Colors of the short coat of the English Coonhound can vary, including redtick, bluetick, tricolor ticks, and a wide variety of other colors including, reds, white, black, and lemon shades. These color variations hold another part of coonhound history. In 1945 tricolor fanciers succeeded in separating them into another breed, known as the Treeing Walker Coonhound, a year later the blueticks also separated into the Bluetick Coonhound. At the time of the split it was simply the color that separated the breeds, but in time each has become more distinctive. Their color variations are still found in the English Coonhound, however.

English Coonhounds are energetic dogs, highly intelligent and make excellent hunters. They are fast and competitive coonhounds, and yet devoted to their families and make good companion dogs. Living indoors does not bother them; however they do best with older children. Make sure you socialize them to other dogs at a young age, and never let them off leash outside; a scent could send them off running. Of course, English Coonhounds have a strong instinct to tree smaller animals.

Carolina Dog

American Dingo

The Carolina Dog is a wild dog found in the United States. Although this breed is now being domesticated and kept as a pet it can still be found in the forest and swamps of South Carolina and Georgia. It is believed that the Carolina Dog was brought to North America across the Bering Straits by Asians 8,000 years ago.

Carolina Dogs resemble small Dingos; they are rugged dogs with a slight resemblance to sighthound breeds. The breed has erect, high set ears and a distinctive “fish-tail” which they carry in various positions. They have a short, yet thick coat, that has longer guard hairs on the neck, withers, and back that will stand up when the dog is aroused. Colors can vary, but the most common is a deep red ginger with paler markings. Lighter shades of red are not uncommon, and other colors include white, tan, beige, yellow, and red sable. Above all Carolina Dogs look like a wild breed, and more than capable of surviving in the wild.

The history of the Carolina Dog is one that is still being studied as well as debated. Dr. I. Lehr Brisbin Jr., a Senior Research Ecologist at the University of Georgia came across a Carolina Dog while working at the University’s Savannah River Site. Brisbin was startled by this dogs resemblance to Dingos, and upon visiting the local shelter found more of these dogs existed. Many of the dogs have now been removed from the wild for studies, and early tests, including DNA show that this is indeed a very ancient dog. Further tests will hopefully begin to give us a better insight on where the Carolina Dog came from.

Carolina Dogs are kept as pets, and have been for sometime in the southern States. They make very loyal companions, and get along well with children. Carolina Dogs like to be part of the “pack” and will want to be included in family activities. Like many other breed that retain close ties to the wild this breed can be independent and shy around strangers. Carolina Dogs should be well socialized at a young age to help it bond with humans.

American Cocker Spaniel

The American Cocker Spaniel, evolved directly from Cocker Spaniels imported into the United States from the United Kingdom. The two were bred for different looks and qualities, and by the 1930s the American version differed so much from the English that the two were given separate breed status.

American Cocker Spaniels weigh between 24 to 28 pounds and at maximum stand at 15 inches. Their long, silky coats come in both a solid (black, tan, chocolate, and red, among others) and particolors, which can be any of the solid colors with white. There are also tricolors, and a rare roan, which are colored hairs that are intermingled. One of the American Cocker Spaniel’s, and its English cousin’s, most well-known feature is their long feathered ears.

Originally the Cocker Spaniel was bred as a gun dog, although the American version rarely participates in the sport now. The name “cocker” derives from its ancestors being bred to hunt woodcock. Although some are still bred for field work in the United States, most are now family pets and companions. The American Cocker Spaniel has been a popular breed since the 1940s; however the breed has declined in recent years.

Most American Cocker Spaniels make excellent pets; they are an outgoing, trusting breed that longs to please. Unfortunately, due to the high popularity and demand of this dog in earlier years they have suffered from an extensive amount of inbreeding. This inbreeding has brought out both a fearful and aggressive behavior that breeders are now working to eliminate. As with all breeds, care should be taken when looking for an American Cocker Spaniel breeder.

The inbreeding of the American Cocker Spaniel has also caused them to be susceptible to a wide variety of illnesses, the most common being ear and eye infections. They also suffer from autoimmune disorders and hip dysplasia.

American Bulldog

The American Bulldog is a working dog that originated in the United States. They are a decedent of the now extinct Old English Bulldog, and generally believed to be the closet living relative to this ancestor. When the Old English Bulldog went into decline, because of the outlawing of dog fights, in its native Europe smaller, lap-dog versions were bred in its homeland. In Colonial America, however, the dog still had a working purpose and the larger type survived. American Bulldogs were used to hunt feral pigs in the southern colonies, and even today is used to hunt pigs and razorbacks in the southern and western States.

American Bulldogs are stocky and strong dogs. They have a short white coat, which may or may not have patches of black or brown. Their height ranges between 20 – 28 inches at the withers and weigh in between 60 – 125 pounds. This large range is due to the fact that there are two strains of American Bulldogs, the Classic, also known as the Johnson or Bully, and the Standard, which is also known as the Scott or Performance. However the two strains have been interbred and both are a recognized version of the breed. The Standard American Bulldog is often mistaken for the American Pit Bull Terrier, although they are two entirely different breeds.

Despite the common, “Pit Bull” mentality that some people have toward American Bulldogs, they make good family dogs. They are friendly, and happy, at ease with their family and fine with strangers when given the opportunity to get to know them. Although they get along well with children, they do not always realize their own strength and are not an ideal dog for very young children. This is a bred that needs to be well socialized at an early age to people and other pets, cats may pose a problem, but if introduced from puppy hood they are more likely to tolerate them. They can be a stubborn bred, and require a firm hand, but once trained they are faithful and loyal. American Bulldogs need a large yard to run, and do not do well in an apartment life.

American Akita

Great Japanese Dog

The American Akita is a breed of dog whose ancestors come from the country of Japan. In the United States the American Akita and Akita Inu (Japanese Akita) are considered the same breed, in all other major countries they are seen as two different breeds.

American Akitas are large dogs; they stand between 24-28 inches and weigh between 75-120 pounds. They have bear-like heads with erect ears. Their double coat is harsh, and the outer coat is waterproof, and they also have webbed cat-like feet which makes them excellent swimmers. Colors can vary, including black, brown, fawn, red, white, and brindle. While black masks and “pinto” colored dogs are not allowed on the Akita Inu, these colorings are quite common and popular on the American Akita.

The history of the American Akita lies in Japan and begins shortly after WWII. At the end of the war many servicemen brought “Akitas” home to the United States. It is important to note that there were three types of dogs that fell into this category, the traditional Matagi-inu hunting dog, a fighting dog that was a mix of Matagi-inu/Mastiff/Great Dane made up a fighting-type, and lastly a Matagi-inu/German Shepard cross. Most of the dogs brought to the United States were of the fighting-type and German Shepard crosses, which were breed and developed independently from those dogs still in Japan. Meanwhile the Japanese decided to preserve their traditional breed, and focusing on the Matagi-inu developed the dog known as the Akita Inu. These two lines developed separately for years, and both have differences in appearance. The American Akita is often described as having a bear-like head, while the Akita Inu’s is more fox-like. In general the American Akita is much larger than its “cousin”.

American Akitas thrive on human companionship; this is not a dog that should be left out in a yard with no human interaction. They do well with most children, as traditional Japanese mothers would leave their children in their care. This is a breed that needs firm training from day one; they can be dog aggressive and should be socialized as a pup. American Akitas can be a willful breed, and are not recommended for a first time owner.

German Shepherd Dog

Alsatian

The German Shepherd Dog is one of the most easily recognizable and versatile breeds worldwide. Originating in Germany, the breed was first used to herd and protect sheep. Today, German Shepherd Dogs are popular police and military dogs, as well as companions.

Appearance

A large breed, German Shepherd Dogs stand between 22-26 inches and weigh in at 75-95 pounds. They have erect ears and a long bushy tail that hangs down with a slight curve at rest. Their double length coat can be either medium or long, however the longhaired variety is not recognized by some kennel clubs. The most common coat color is black and tan, but almost any combination is allowed, save blue, liver, and solid white. Recently white German Shepard Dogs have been recognized as a separate breed, as the White Shepherd in the United States with the United Kennel Club (UKC) and Berger Blanc Suisse in countries that recognize the Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI).

History

In 1899 an ex-cavalry officer by the name of Max von Stephanitz began the careful breeding that would lead to development of the German Shepherd Dog. He selected local shepherd dogs from Wurtemberg, Thurginia, and Bavaria as his rootstock, along with a dog named Horand von Grafrath. Horand (originally shown under the name Hektor Linksrhein by his previous owner) was a shepherd dog that became the father of today’s breed. Later he was registered by Stephanitz as a Deutsche Schaferhunde, or in English, German Shepherd Dog. Stephanitz continued to develop the breed, emphasizing on their working abilities rather than appearance. By the early 1900s the breed’s popularity had already spread worldwide. After WWI it was believed that the title of “German” would hurt the breed, particularly in the United Kingdom. The led the Kennel Club (KC) and others to change the name of the breed to Alsatian Wolf Dog, later they dropped the “wolf dog”, leaving the name to simply be Alsatian. The name would not be reverted back to German Shepherd Dog until 1977.

Temperament

The German Shepherd Dog is first and foremost a working breed, although they often find homes simply as companions as well. They are bold, fearless, intelligent, and eager to learn. Highly protective of their families they can become aggressive around strangers, especially if they have not been socialized. They must be trained in obedience at a young age, as untrained dogs can easily become a problem when they are older. This can lead to aggression both with other dogs and toward humans. Generally, if well trained and socialized they get along with both canine and non-canine pets in their household, and children in the family. As a working breed German Shepherd Dogs are happiest when they have a job to do, they excel in dog sports, as military and police dogs, drug detectors, and a rescue workers.

Health and Care

German Shepherd Dogs tend to live between 12-13 years. Poor breeding has led to an increase of genetic diseases such as hip and elbow dysplasia, bloating, von Willebrand’s disease, and skin allergies.

Although they are large dogs, German Shepherds can do well in an apartment if they have plenty of exercise. They need a minimum of a long walk daily, but do best if they have a physical job to do.

The fur of a German Shepherd Dog is constantly shedding. This requires a daily brushing to remove dead hair.

Alaskan Malamute

Dog of the Mahlemut

The Alaskan Malamute is a freight sled dog that originated in the cold northern lands of what is now Alaska. The breed as we know it today has descended from the dogs of the native Mahlemut tribe in the upper western part of the state. Recent DNA testing shows Alaskan Malamutes are one of the oldest dog breeds.

Alaskan Malamutes are a large breed, they normally stand between 23 to 25 inches tall and weigh between 75 to 85 pounds, however smaller and larger dogs are not uncommon. They have a dense double coat that comes in various shades of grey, white, sable, black, red, or pure white. The eyes on an Alaskan Malamute should be brown, blue-eyed dogs are disqualified from showing.

Even though the Alaskan Malamute is a sled dog it is not used in races, as there are many lighter and faster breeds. Their strength belongs in freighting cargo, and although most Alaskan Malamutes are now kept as pets, they are still quite capable of this task. They are one of the most unaltered breeds, still retaining its original form and function. Dedicated breeders strive to preserve the breed “as is”. The American Kennel Club (AKC) strongly judges this breed on its ability to pull heavy freight as a sled dog, looks and breeding are secondary. If an Alaskan Malamute cannot complete this task in the show ring they are disqualified.

The Mahlemut people treated Alaskan Malamutes as equals for hundreds of years, and for that reason they are a highly independent and stubborn breed. These dogs were once responsible for thinking and acting independently for the well being of their team in the unpredictable artic, even if this meant overriding the sled drivers command. This independence can make this a difficult breed to train, and they will at times simply refuse to listen to a command. Because of their pack mentality they get along well with everyone inside their household, canine, child, and even other pets they are raised with. The Alaskan Malamute is not recommended for inexperienced owners, due to their independence and energy required.

Central Asian Ovcharka

Ancient Livestock Guardian

The Central Asian Ovcharka is a breed of dog that originates from Russia and the Middle East. It is believed that they are possible one of the oldest living dogs today, dating back as far as 5,000 years. Still quite rare outside of its native land, the Central Asian Ovcharka is slowly gaining recognition in other countries.

Central Asian Ovcharkas generally stand between 24-32 inches, but may be even larger and weigh between 88-176 pounds. The females tend to be smaller than the males. They are a muscular breed, and considered to be a mastiff-type dog. Traditionally the ears are cropped and the tails are docked in their native lands. Their coat may be long or short, and comes in a wide variety of colors and patterns. Colors on a Central Asian Ovcharka include black, brindle, fawn, gray, and white.

As a very old breed little is known about the origin of the Central Asian Ovcharka. Some believe that their ancestors may be the Tibetan Mastiff, or dogs originally used by the Mongols. Historically these dogs could be found throughout the mountains of Mongolia and into the deserts of the Kara Kum, often found along the ancient silk route. These dogs were not simply used for guarding livestock, they guarded anything they perceived as part of their territory, their family, livestock, and anything the Nomads owned. More recently the Central Asian Ovcharka has been loosing popularity in Russia to the larger Caucasian Mountain Dog.

The Central Asian Ovcharka is fearless and will protect every member of their family, be it children, cats, or other dogs. They are wary of strangers and may try to dominate other dogs they do not know and do not generally do well in unfamiliar places. This breed likes to bark, even at night, which may be a problem with neighbors. They do best with a strong owner, and are not for the inexperienced. Central Asian Ovcharkas should be socialized at a young age if they are not intended to be a livestock guardian, this will help them adapt to urban life.

Akita Inu

The Japanese Akita

The Akita Inu is a breed of dog that originates from Japan. In most countries this breed is considered separate of the Akita breed in the United States and recognized by the American Kennel Club. For information on that breed please visit our American Akita page.

Akita Inus stand between 24-28 inches at the withers and weigh between 75-120 pounds. They have a double coat, erect ears, and their tail is curled over the back. Only four coat colors are acceptable on the Akita Inu, red fawn, sesame, brindle, and white.

Recent DNA testing shows that the Akita Inu is one of the oldest breeds of dogs, originally used for hunting. Japanese history tells us that the ancestor of the modern day Akita Inu was the Matagi-inu, which literally means hunting dog. In more recent times other breeds were added to make larger and fiercer dogs for dog fighting. Then, in the 1900s the Japanese became interested in preserving their native breeds. At the time there were three different types of dogs that were considered “Akita”. There was the Matagi Akita, which was the one that closest resembled the original hunting dog, the Fighting Akita, which had added mastiff-type breeds, and the German Shepherd Akita, which was the result of “Akitas” crossed with German Shepherd. After WWII dogs began arriving in the USA, most of these dogs were the Fighting and German Shepherd type. These dogs would later be known as the American Akita. The Japanese, however focused on the ancient type, the Matagi. This seemed to be the most pure, without the introductions of other breeds. There selective breeding has given us today’s Japanese Akita, the Akita Inu.

Akita Inus are intelligent and fearless dogs. They make excellent guard dogs, and territorial, this makes them aggressive towards other dogs. Generally they do well with children, however early socialization is a must, as well as proper training. Akita Inus get bored when left alone and to their own devices, they do best when they are around their family.

Akbash dog

Akbash Dog

Livestock Defender

The Akbash Dog was originally developed in Turkey, in the region of Akbash. In their homeland they are used as livestock guardians, protecting sheep from predators. The Akbash Dog is relatively unknown outside of Turkey.

Akbash Dogs stand between 28-32 inches at the withers and weigh between 90-130 pounds, they are leaner then other Turkish livestock guardian breeds. It is common for the dogs that still reside in Turkey to have very short cropped ears, to prevent wounds from predators. Their tails have a slight curl and are carried low when they are relaxed, but when moving or excited they are carried up over the back, some Turkish dogs may have docked tails. The double coat may be long or medium in length, and both are considered acceptable. Akbash Dogs are always pure white in color.

Some believe the Akbash Dog, as well as the Kangal Dog, were used to develop the more well-known Turkish breed, the Anatolian Shepherd Dog. Although others believe the Anatolian is the older breed. Another theory persists that the three breeds should simply be considered one in the same. This makes it very difficult to trace the history of the breed, although the dog has been known to be existing in the region for centuries. As a livestock guardian they live with the flock protecting them from predators and thieves. It is common for the Akbash Dog to have to defend its charges against wolves or even bears.

The Akbash Dog is a difficult breed for the first time owner. They can be kept as companions; however they do best in the role they were bred for, as guardians. Naturally they are dog aggressive as well as wary and potentiality dangerous around strangers. Extremely independent and with strong protective instincts they can be difficult to train. Constant socialization is needed for an Akbash Dog that is kept as a companion.

Ainu ken

Hokkaido Inu

A Natural Hunter

The Hokkaido Inu is a native dog from Japan. It is believed that it may be one of the oldest of the Japanese breeds, although the same has been said of the other breeds as well. Many of the dogs have black spots on their tongues, which has led some to suggest that the Hokkaido Inu has a genetic link with the Chinese Shar-Pei and Chow Chow.

Hokkaido Inus stand between 18-22 inches and weigh between 45-65 pounds. They are of spitz ancestry, giving them erect ears and a curled tail that is carried on the back. Their double coat is harsh and straight, and most dogs are red or white. Other Hokkaido Inu colors include black, sesame, brindle, and fawn.

The claim that the Hokkaido Inu is the oldest of the Japanese breeds comes from the belief that they originated from migrants from Honshu to Hokkaido during the 12th century. Originally the dog was used for hunting, and unlike the other native breeds they were used for big game as well. The breed is sometimes called the Ainu-ken or Ainu, named after the former inhabitants of the Hokkaido. The Japanese, however, have always called them the Hokkadio Inu, and declared it the official name of the breed in 1937 when the breed was declared a national monument.

The Hokkaido Inu is an active breed, and therefore does not do well being left inside or in confined areas for long periods of time. With its history as a hunter it should not be left unattended around other animals, especially if they were not raised alongside each other. They tend to be a dog aggressive breed. Generally they do well with children, but only if they were raised with children in the household. The Hokkaido Inu is a fearless and loyal breed, making them an excellent watchdog.

African lion dog

Rhodesian Ridgeback

The Lion Dog

The Rhodesian Ridgeback, or African Lion Dog, originates from southern Africa. Originally bred to hunt lions in packs of two to five dogs, they would harass the big cat until their master could make a kill. The female Rhodesian Ridgebacks were prized more than the males, as they tended to be more agile.

Appearance

Rhodesian Ridgebacks are large, muscular, active, hounds capable of endurance with speed. The Ridgeback’s most distinctive feature is, of course, the ridge of hair on his back running in the opposite direction of the rest of their short, dense coat. Males stand about 25-27 inches at the withers, and females between 24-26 inches. An average weight for males is 85 pounds, although there have been cases of them weighing in at as much as 160 pounds. Females weigh on average 70 pounds. They are light to red wheaten in color and black guard hairs are allowed. Excessive black hairs throughout the coat are frowned upon, although white on the chest and toes are acceptable for the Rhodesian Ridgeback standards.

History

In the 1800s the Rhodesian Ridgeback began development by crossing native hunting dogs kept by the African Hottentots with European breeds. Some of the breeds included in the crosses were possibly Mastiffs, Deerhounds, and Great Danes. The standard for the breed was written in 1922 in Rhodesia, which is now Zimbabwe, and has seen little change since. The only other recognized breed that shares the Rhodesian Ridgeback’s unique coat is the Thai Ridgeback of Thailand. There are two other breeds that remain unrecognized, the Phu Quoc Ridgeback of Vietnam and Combai of India.

Temperament

Rhodesian Ridgebacks are intelligent and gentle, and get along well with children, although they can be a bit too much dog for toddlers. Traditionally, as well as hunting, they were used to watch after children and as guard dogs. They do not bark unless there is a true reason to and although aloof toward strangers they are not aggressive toward them. Some dogs can be a bit independent and stubborn, making training more difficult if not started at a young age. If there are cats and other pets in the household this could pose a problem as they were bred to be hunters, however if introduced to cats since puppy hood they should have few difficulties getting along. Rhodesian Ridgebacks normally do well in a multi-dog household, but males are at times dominant toward other males.

Health and Care

The average lifespan of the Rhodesian Ridgebacks normal lifespan is about 12 years. Generally a healthy breed, however genetic diseases include hip dysplasia, dermoid sinus, deafness, degenerative myelopathy, cysts, and hypothyroidism.

Rhodesian Ridgebacks can live in an apartment if they are regularly exercised. They should be taken on long daily walks, with or without a yard. If not sufficiently stimulated they can turn destructive.

Boerboel

Boerboel

The Family Watchdog

Boerboels are a type of mastiff-like breed of dog that originates from South Africa. Their name in Afrikaans means simply "farmer's dog." The Boerboel is large and muscular, bred for guarding, a job they perform quite well.

Appearance

The Boerboel is sturdy built and has a large, strong head. Typically they stand between 23-28 inches and weigh an impressive 155-200 pounds. Their coat is soft, short, and smooth to the touch. Coats are a variety of colors from pale yellow to dark red or brindle, and have a black mask. Preferably there is no white on a Boerboel coat.

History

The history of the Boerboel most likely begins at the arrival of Jan van Riebeeck to southern Africa. He brought with him a large mastiff-type dog known as a bullenbijter. Other settlers also had brought strong dogs, and over the years natural selection would leave only the strongest dogs surviving. By 1820 Bulldogs and Mastiffs were added to the line, and again in 1938 the Bullmastiff itself was added. At some point it is also likely the Rhodesian Ridgeback, another South African breed also contributed to the bloodline.

Today the Boerboel is still being developed both in South Africa, and now the United States. The American Kennel Club (AKC) is one of the first to begin recognition for the breed outside of Africa, although the Boerboel is still only listed in its Foundation Stock Service (FSS).

Temperament

Despite the Boerboel's size and guarding instinct they are not vicious animals. They were breed to live on farms and were near both farmers and their children. Any dog showing aggression would have been destroyed. Boerboels have been selectively bred and this has resulted in a good-natured pet that will use its protective instincts when it is required. In fact, Boerboels are a confident and yet generally calm dog. It is very loyal to its family and would, indeed protect them with his life. They are very territorial, vigilant in their guard and defensive. Intruders will not gain entrance to your property. However, Boerboels are controlled with their guarding and a one will normally only bark when there is truly a need to.

The Boerboel is also an excellent family dog they get along well with all humans and pets that are part of his family. They especially love children and will make good companions. While strangers will not be able to gain entrance to your home if you make it clear they are welcome guests the Boerboel will drop its guard.

Health and Care

An extremely healthy breed, the Boerboel has no known health issues. This is most likely due to natural selection and the absence of inbreeding that so many other breeds suffer from.

Boerboels are suited and bred for the rural, country life. They are not recommended for apartments, as they need at the very least a large, well-fenced yard for room to roam. The Boerboel needs space and is not well suited to a busy city lifestyle.

The short coat of the Boerboel requires very little grooming.

african bus dog

Basenji

The Barkless Dog

The Basenji is one of the most ancient breeds of dogs, originating from the Congo and central Africa. It is a unique breed in many ways, and one of their most well known qualities is that Basenji's do not bark, although they do make an unusual yodel sound.

Appearance

Basenjis are small, shorthaired dogs with erect ears and tightly curled tails. Their foreheads often have wrinkles, especially when they are young. Typically they stand about 16-17 inches at the withers and weigh around 22 to 24 pounds. Coats vary from red and white, black and white, tricolor, and brindle, although the brindle is not formally recognized. Still other Basenji variations exist in their homeland.

History

The history of the Basenji (meaning “small wild thing from the bush”) is obscure and for the most part undocumented, however it is generally accepted that it is one of the most ancient breeds, sharing characteristics with other primitive dogs, such as the Dingo and Canaan Dog. They bred without human interference for centuries and dogs very similar to today’s breed were found on the walls and tombs of the ancient Egyptians. However, by the time they were discovered by Europeans in 1895 they were found almost exclusively in the Congo. There they were used in small packs to hunt game, including, antelope, monkeys, and wild cats. Early attempts to bring the breed to England were a failure, the imported dogs dying of disease foreign to their immune systems. It wasn't until the 1930s that a successful breeding stock was brought to the United Kingdom, and then later, the United States. Most of the modern Basenjis today are descendants from these few imports.

Temperament

Basenjis are independent, and yet also bond well with their owners. They are extremely intelligent, can be mischievous, and are known to become destructive if left to their own devices for to long. Most suffer from some degree of separation anxiety. They get along well with most children, but will not tolerate being teased, and will never become a real playmate for them. Normally they will get along well with other dogs, in fact they are happiest with one or two others in their household, but some individual dogs can be headstrong. Basenjis do not like strangers, and will let you know if anything is amiss.

Health and Care

Unfortunately Basenjis are prone to various diseases, one being an inherited kidney disorder called Fanconi Syndrome. Symptoms for this disease do not normally occur until after the age of four, although owners can have them tested by their vet. They also can carry a recessive gene that causes Genetic Hemolytic Anemia, although most Basenjis today are descendants from a line that has tested clean. Among this disorders they are also prone to more common illnesses, such as hip dysplasia, malabsroption, progressive retinal atrophy, coloboma, and persistent pupillary membrane. In general, though, the Basenji is a fairly healthy breed. Their life expectancy is roughly 12 years.

The Basenji can adjust to apartment life, provided they are regularly exercised. They are both active indoors and out, and will do best with at least a small yard.

Basenjis have a short coat and are also known for their cat-like cleanliness, even cleaning themselves with their paws, so very little grooming is needed.

Africanis

Africanis

The Dog of Africa

The Africanis is a type of South African dog that is not recognized as a breed. They are believed to have existed for centuries, descending directly from the pariah dogs of ancient times. Africanis is also a name for all aboriginal dogs in Africa.

Appearance

Africanis are short coated, slender, medium-sized dogs that are capable of great speed. They can be any color and have a wide variety of markings. Occasionally they will have a ridgeback, like another African breed, the Rhodesian Ridgeback. The ears on the Africanis can be erect, half erect, or drooping.

History

The history of the Africanis begins with the Pariah dog. Pariah dogs are feral or wild dogs that have little or no interaction with humans. It is widely believed that pariah dogs are distinctly older than most other dog types and so far all DNA testing has supported this theory. It is highly likely that the Africanis are the direct decedents to the dogs found in Egyptian tombs and hieroglyphics.

Temperament

The Africanis has not been selectively bred by humans, allowing them to evolve and change through natural selection. Because of this the Africanis has adapted mentally and physically for life in Africa, but they can adapt to life as a household pet. Traditionally they have always lived near humans as well as other domestic animals. They get along well with children, and when raised along side other household pets they generally have no problems with other dogs or cats. Although they will bond with their humans they will always need space. The Africanis will always be cautious with new situations, as at all times it keeps a high survival instinct.

Health and Care

An extremely hardy and healthy breed, the Africanis needs no pampering or special food, having developed to survive off of scraps and leftovers. These dogs have over the years developed a natural resistance to many diseases.

The Africanis needs room to call its own and would probably do best in a home with at least a yard. As with all breeds it need daily walks and plenty of exercise.

The short coat of the Africanis requires very little grooming.

Dogs of Africa

Dogs of Africa

Various dog breeds are African in origin. Many of the African dog breeds are not well known, however probably the most known is the Basenji. You will find the Greyhound listed here as well; however whether their origin lies in Egypt with the African Dog Breeds or lies with those that are European is greatly debated.

Many of the African dog breeds have been considered ancient for centuries, however, because of recent DNA testing, it is now believed that they are merely more recent creations designed to resemble the hieroglyphics upon the Egyptian tombs. Out of the fourteen ancient breeds distinguished by the DNA testing, only one African Dog Breed truly holds the title of ancient, the Basenji.

Despite the results of the DNA testing, no one can dispute that African dog breeds run deep in its history, most notably that of Egypt. The ancient Egyptians revered and deified the dog. Many dogs have been found mummified beside their masters. Ancient African dog breeds litter hieroglyphics from Greyhound to Basenji to Pharaoh Hound type dogs.

In Egypt Mythology African dog breeds of the past are frequently represented by the well known Egyptian God, Anubis. Although it has been argued that Anubis’ head is not that of a dog, but rather that of a jackal or wolf, it is still canine and most widely believed to be a dog/wolf cross. The Egyptian God Set is also widely believed to have the head of a Greyhound-like dog adding to the Greyhound is an African dog breed debate.

Other African dog breeds include the Rhodesian Ridgeback of South Africa, a fierce dog that was breed to hunt african lions in packs. The Africanis, as its name suggests, is also an African dog breed, however it is not at this time acknowledged by any registry. Nevertheless, the Africanis is considered by many to truly be the dog of Africa.

Dog of Afghanistan

Afghan Hound

Dog of Afghanistan

The Afghan Hound is one of the oldest breeds of sighthound. It originates from the Middle Eastern country of Afghanistan. Afghan Hounds can be easily distinguished from other sighthounds by its long, thick, silky coat.

Afghan Hounds are tall and slender. They stand between 24-29 inches and weigh 45-60 pounds. The tail curiously curls at the tip, but is not carried along the back. Their coat can be almost any color; however it is normally sand in color. White markings are discouraged on an Afghan Hound.

It was always thought that the Afghan Hound was one of the oldest of breeds, at the very least dating to the pre-Christian era. Recent DNA testing shows that not only is the breed ancient, but that its existence dates back thousands of years. These breed has been kept pure for centuries, and it was prohibited to leave its native lands. Originally the breed was used not only for hunting, but also as a shepherd and watchdog as well. Game it was used for included gazelle, fox, wolves, and even snow leopards. It wasn’t until the beginning of the 20^th century that the breed was seen in Europe and America. Despite its antiquity the Afghan Hound was not recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) until the 1930s.

The Afghan Hound is an aloof and dignified breed. They have a high level of independence and may sometimes simply not obey. This can make the breed somewhat difficult to train and housebreak. They generally do well with older children, and can be reserved and suspicious of strangers. Afghan Hounds do not do well in apartments, as they need at least a yard with room for them to run.

One must remember when purchasing an Afghan Hound that their coat requires a lot of attention. Bathing is recommended weekly, and the coat should only be brushed when wet to prevent damage and matting. Also, as with all sighthounds care must be given if the dog needs anesthesia as the Afghan Hound has a small amount of body fat.

Dogs of South America

Dogs of South America

South America holds the origin of only four dog breeds, the Argentine Dogo, Brazilian Mastiff, Brazilian Terrier, and the Peruvian Hairless Dog. The Peruvian Hairless Dog is also known as the Peruvian Inca Orchid, and some will argue that the two of them are separate breeds. The other three have ancestors in Europe, but were uniquely developed in their prospective countries. While the Peruvian Hairless Dog is truly a South American breed and can trace its ancestry back past the time of the Incas and beyond.

The South American Peruvian Hairless Dog is a very ancient breed, although no one knows exactly where it originated. Some believe that its ancestors were brought to the Americas 2,000-3,000 years ago across the Bering Strait from Asia. It is believed they have been around at least since 750 A.D. The Incas, as well as pre-Inca cultures on the Peruvian coast kept them as pets. Ceramic hairless dog figures have been found from the Chimu, Moche, and Vicus culture. The mountainous area of the Incas was too cold to be the natural habitat of these dogs, but they were highly prized there. The Spanish conquest of Peru nearly extinguished the breed. Luckily this South American breed survived in the rural areas so it can still be found today.

Unfortunately, dog fighting is still heavily practiced in South America, more prominently in Argentina, Colombia, and parts of Brazil. The Argentine Dogo is heavily bred for this, and sometimes the Brazilian Mastiff as well. Dog fighting has existed in these areas for hundreds of years, now extinct breeds that had once been used for dog fighting in this region were the Dogo Cubano and Dogo Cordoba. In recent years even the American Pit Bull Terrier has found its way to the South American dog fighting rings.

Dogs of the United States

Dogs of the United States

Many of the dog breeds of the United States developed as the colonists and emigrants developed the land around them. Most of the breeds were used for hunting, and in later years some were companions. The United States also is the homeland of a few sled dogs and herding breeds, as well.

There are different types of hunting breeds that were developed in the United States, such as the coonhounds and retrievers. Five of the coonhound breeds can trace their ancestry back to the 1700s when the English Foxhound was brought to the colonies from England. The American Black and Tan, English, Bluetick, Treeing Walker, and Redbone Coonhound all share this common ancestry. Other dogs, commonly called curs, were used for treeing prey, such as the Black Mouth and Mountain Curs. Retrievers and Spaniels were also used, such as the Chesapeake Bay Retriever and American Water Spaniel. Many of these breeds are still used in the United States for hunting today.

Some companion breeds that we know today were always kept simply as pets, and others originally had working abilities. The Boston Terrier was always intended as a companion pet, and the American Eskimo Dog was as well, but was also once used in the circus. American Cocker Spaniels were at one time used for hunting fowl, as most spaniels are. Breeding has changed this dog so it retains little of its working ability, and the dog is now mostly kept as a pet. Toy Fox Terriers and Rat Terriers would kill rats and other vermin, but few are still used on farms scattered throughout the United States.

Other dogs from the United States include the sled dogs, the Alaskan Malamute and Chinook, the later being a rare breed, few people even in the country have heard of. The Australian Shepherd, a working farm dog was developed in California, contrary to its name. Lastly, there is the native breed, the Carolina Dog; some still live in the wild in the southern United States.

Dogs of Canada

Dogs of Canada

All of the dog breeds from Canada are working dogs, or at least were originally used as such. From retrievers to sled dogs, the breeds of Canada all had abilities designed to help their masters.

The Canadian Eskimo Dog and Mackenzie River Husky are the sled dogs of the arctic north. The Canadian Eskimo Dog was originally kept by the native Inuit people, and to them it was known as the Qimmiq. Used for pulling people and freight it was indispensable in the villages. The Mackenzie River Husky is a type of dog, rather then a breed. Once used for transportation in the north these dogs were lost to the snowmobile. A small amount survives in Alaska, where dedicated breeders strive to save the Canadian breed.

The Tahltan Bear Dog was also kept by the Canadian natives. Kept by the Tahitians of the north they were multi-purposed dogs, but they were most often used for hunting. It is now believed that this dog is extinct, it was said that although small it had the courage to take on a bear. Some believe the Tahltan Bear Dog may still exist in remote areas of Canada, but there is no evidence to support this.

The now famous Labrador Retriever and Nova Scotia Duck-Tolling Retriever are both gundogs from Canada. Once simply used for hunting the Labrador Retriever is now kept by many as simply a family pet throughout North America and Europe. The Nova Scotia Duck-Tolling Retriever excels at enticing waterfowl to come out near the hunter and is uniquely suited to this task. They are used mostly for hunting in Canada.

Canada is also the homeland of the Newfoundland and the Landseer. The Landseer is seen as a separate breed by some and as a variant of the Newfoundland by others. The later is the more widely accepted opinion. Newfoundlands were often used for various tasks related to the water. They pulled fishnets in from the waters, accompanied sailors on voyages, and rescued drowning men. Even today the Newfoundland is used a rescue dog both in and outside Canada.

Dogs of North America

Dogs of North America

Dogs are a large part of the culture of many areas in North America, from Mexico’s little Chihuahua to the now well-known Labrador Retriever of Canada. The Canadian Eskimo Dog, Alaskan Malamute, and Chinook where once indispensable breeds of the snowy northern terrain of Canada and the United States’ Alaska. Snow mobiles have largely replaced these sled dogs simply because of the amount of speed that can be achieved, unfortunately leaving some of them to become rare breeds even in North America.

Breeds of North American hunting dogs include everything from retrievers to coonhounds. As already mentioned the Labrador Retriever was breed and developed in Canada and is widely still used to this day. The Nova Scotia Duck-Tolling Retriever also hails from Canada, and although unknown it is quite unique. This breed actually will be let loose to romp and play near water, enticing waterfowl to come investigate. Once the kill has been made it plays the part of the average retriever and brings the fowl back to its owner. Other North American retrievers include the Chesapeake Bay Retriever and the American Water Spaniel.

North America is also the home of the uniquely bred coonhounds of the United States. In early colonial times Foxhounds were brought to the United States for hunting; however they were inadequate for animals that don’t escape by going underground. Raccoons, opossums, bobcats, and larger prey such as cougars and bears would take to the trees to escape the dogs. Selective breeding eventually brought about the coonhounds that are known today, including the Black and Tan and Bluetick Coonhounds. Lesser known North American coonhounds include the Plott Hound and English Coonhound.

Cattle and herding dogs were also very important to the development of the North American landscape. Contrary to its name the popular Australian Shepherd was actually bred and developed in the United States.

Dogs of the United Kingdom

Dogs of the United Kingdom

When looking at the dogs of the United Kingdom this page refrences those from England, Scotland, and Wales. For information on the dogs of Ireland, please reference our Ireland page instead of the United Kingdom.

There are approximately 35 dog breeds that are from England, about half of this number are or where primarily used for hunting. These hunting breeds range from terriers to hounds, and are still largely used for sport in their homeland. Other dog types from England include breeds that where once used to control vermin, herding dogs, and breeds once used for dog fights or the baiting of other animals.

From Scotland we have around a dozen dog breeds; about half of these dogs are used for livestock herding, including the various Collie breeds and the small Shetland Sheepdog. The other half is comprised of the Deerhound, the Setter breeds, and various terriers, such as the Skye, Scottish, and Dandie Dinmont Terriers. Each of the dogs from Scotland originally had a purpose suited to their abilities, although today many of them are simply companion breeds.

Wales is the home of only half the number of breeds compared to Scotland. They include the Sealyham Terrier, Welsh Springer Spaniel, Welsh Terrier, and the two Welsh Corgis, the Pembroke and Cardigan. The little Corgis were used for herding sheep and cattle, despite their size. “Corgi” literally means dwarf dog in Welsh.

There are also two breeds that hail from both England and Scotland, being developed on the border lands between the two countries. These breeds are the Border Collie and Border Terrier. The Border Collie, like many United Kingdom breeds, was used for herding livestock, while the Border Terrier controlled the vermin in this region.

Dogs of Switzerland

Dogs of Switzerland

Switzerland is the home of mostly working and hunting breeds. Few of these dogs have been recognized outside of their homeland, and many are becoming quite rare even there.

The most well known breed from Switzerland is likely the St. Bernard. This large, typically white breed with red or brown markings is one of the few that can be recognized by most people on sight. Originally kept by monks at the hospice at the Great St. Bernard Pass it was said to help rescue travelers lost or injured in the pass.

The St. Bernard may be closely related to the Sennenhunds, or Swiss Mountain Dogs, which were all purpose farm dogs. The popular Bernese Mountain Dog is included in this group, along with the Greater Swiss, Appenzeller, and Entlebucher Mountain Dogs.

Another breed on the rise is the Berger Blanc Suisse, or White Swiss Shepherd. Identical to the White Shepherd Dog in the US, the Berger Blanc Suisse is a white version of the German Shepherd Dog that has been recognized by the Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI).

The Swiss breeds that remain largely unknown are their hounds. There are two different breeds, the larger Laufhunds and smaller Niederlaufhund, both being scenthounds. Each breed has four different varieties, distinguished only by coat color and type.

Dogs of Malta

Dogs of Malta

There are only two breeds of dog from the small European island of Malta, the Maltese and the Pharaoh Hound. These two breeds were kept for separate purposes, the first being a favored companion, and the second as a hunting sighthound. Although it is generally accepted that these breeds origins are Malta, this has been debated by various sources for both dogs.

Dogs of Ireland

Dogs of Ireland

There are a handful dogs that originate from Ireland. Most of these breeds were either used for hunting or various farm tasks, although it was also popular for some of them to be used in badger-baiting. This is one of many dog “sports” that is now illegal in Ireland and most countries worldwide.

Ireland is the home of several terrier dog breeds, including the Glen of Imaal, Soft Coated Wheaten, Irish, and Kerry Blue Terrier. The Glen of Imaal and Irish Terrier were often used for hunting smaller animals, the former being proficient with fox and badger, while the later was often used to hunt otter and water rats. The larger Kerry Blue and Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers were commonly used on farms and had duties such as herding, vermin control, and guarding.

Ireland is also the home of various hunting breeds, such as the Irish Red and Red and White Setters, breeds that are often used to hunt quail, pheasant, and grouse. This is also the home of one of the rarest of the spaniel breeds, the Irish Water Spaniel. Once more common, even in the United States, this breed lost popularity to the Labrador Retriever. The last of the hunting breeds from Ireland is the Irish Wolfhound, named for its prey rather than its appearance. Believed to be an extremely old breed, it is thought these dogs were originally kept by the ancient Celts as war dogs. They were excellent at hunting wolves, and although the wolf is now extinct in Ireland, the Irish Wolfhound still thrives there.